Description of government structure:

• Chief of State: President Miloš ZEMAN * (since March 8th, 2013)
• Head of Government: Prime Minister Petr FIALA (Since December 17th, 2021)
• Assembly: the Czech Republic has a bicameral Parliament (Parlament) consisting of the Senate (Senát) with 81 seats and the Chamber of Deputies (Poslanecká Sněmovna) with 200 seats.

* Before 2013, the President was indirectly elected by Parliament.

Description of electoral system:

• The President is elected by majority vote through a two-round system to serve a 5-year term.
• Prime Minister is appointed by the President to serve a 5-year term.
• In the Senate (Senát) 81 members are elected by absolute majority vote in single-member constituencies to serve 6-year terms*.
• In the Chamber of Deputies (Poslanecká Sněmovna) 200 members are elected through a flexible-list proportional representation system to serve 4-year terms.**

* A second round is held six days later if no candidate receives an absolute majority in the first round. One third of the Senate is renewed every two years.

** Electors may cast two preference votes for candidates on their chosen party list. There are 14 multi-member constituencies. Votes are tabulated using the D’Hondt method. A threshold of 5% is required in order for a party to enter the Chamber of Deputies. The threshold is 10% in case of a coalition of two parties, 15% for a coalition of three parties, 20% for a coalition of four or more parties.