Description of government structure:

• Chief of State: President Tharman SHANMUGARATNAM (since 14 September 2023)
• Head of Government: Prime Minister LEE Hsien Loong (since 12 August 2004)
• Assembly: unicameral Parliament with 99 seats

Description of electoral system:

• The President is directly elected by simple majority vote and may serve an unlimited number of 6-year terms. If the presidency has not been held by a certain ethnic group (Chinese, Malay, Indian and others) for the last 5 terms, a reserved election is held in which only candidates from that group are eligible to run.
• The Prime Minister, typically the parliamentary majority leader, is appointed by the President.
• In Parliament, 88 members are directly elected by plurality vote. Additionally, up to 12 of the highest-polling opposition candidates may be named as non-constituency members (NCMPs), and up to 9 members may be nominated by a parliamentary committee and confirmed by the President.